Neuroscience: News flash, sort of ... people would rather give to charity than pay taxes

In Reason on Line, science correspondent Ronald Bailey asks, "Does the Invisible Hand Need a Helping Hand? " (June 24, 2008). He advises,

... neuro-economics is also beginning to delve deeper into how we respond to various institutions. In one experiment done by Oregon University researchers, MRIs scanned the brains of students as they chose to give—or were required to give—some portion of $100 to a food bank. The first was a charitable act and the second analogous to a tax. In both cases, their reward centers "lit up," but much less so under the tax condition. As Oregon economist William Harbaugh told the New York Times, "We're showing that paying taxes does produce a neural reward. But we're showing that the neural reward is even higher when you have voluntary giving."

The next big discovery: People would rather pay taxes than go to jail.

Neuroscience: When did you really decide to adopt that puppy?

Did you decide to adopt him when you first saw him? When he licked your hand? When you decided to speak to the Humane Society cage attendant? You might be surprised ...

Recent research on making decisions shows that people may actually make a decision ten seconds before they become aware of it.

In "Get Out of Your Own Way" in the Wall Street Journal, Robert Lee Hotz reports,

While inside the brain scanner, the students watched random letters stream across a screen. Whenever they felt the urge, they pressed a button with their right hand or a button with their left hand. Then they marked down the letter that had been on the screen in the instant they had decided to press the button.

Studying the brain behavior leading up to the moment of conscious decision, the researchers identified signals that let them know when the students had decided to move 10 seconds or so before the students knew it themselves. About 70% of the time, the researchers could also predict which button the students would push.

This is very interesting, though not surprising. It provides research support for something that storytellers sense and try to portray - we become aware of a choice after we have already made it.

Shakespeare's villains are especially good at sensing when their victims have already begun to commit to a disastrous course of action - even when they aren't yet conscious of it themselves.

In other research,

Dutch researchers led by psychologist Ap Dijksterhuis at the University of Amsterdam recently found that people struggling to make relatively complicated consumer choices -- which car to buy, apartment to rent or vacation to take -- appeared to make sounder decisions when they were distracted and unable to focus consciously on the problem.

That makes a lot of sense too, because consumer choices are essentially a question of what we think we'd be happy with. The more we think about it, the more complex the problem becomes. I suspect that if the problem involved abstract calculation rather than consumer choice, distraction would not be a benefit.

The puppy is from Purina Canada's site. Learn more about puppy needs there.